Most pet stores carry far more male than female bettas because the former are more colorful and have larger fins. Whether you choose a male or female, look for a fish with a bright (not dull) color palate and healthy-looking, undamaged fins. You might assume you should select an active, excited fish as opposed to a more mellow one, but behavior in the pet store is not necessarily a harbinger of the betta’s personality. It may be worn out after a day of people tapping on the glass, after all. These and other selection tips, along with much more information on betta care, are provided in detail at How to Take Care of a Betta Fish.
You may hear people say that bettas like small spaces because their natural habitat is small puddles left by buffalo tracks in their native Southeast Asia. While bettas are sometimes found in such cozy bodies of water, this is more a testament to their resiliency during the dry season than an indication of their preferred lifestyle. [1] X Research source In reality, bettas like quite a bit of space to roam, so you should select a tank that holds at least three gallons, and even up to ten. This may seem like a lot of tank for one small fish, but you’re more likely to have a happy and healthy betta this way. [2] X Research source The tank should also be heated to between 76° and 80° F, and have a simple filter that does not churn up the water too much (bettas prefer still water). Keep the tank clean and change the water on a regular schedule. For more on tank preparation and maintenance, see How to Take Care of a Betta Fish.
While they have earned the name “fighting fish,” betta males are more interested in establishing dominance than harming each other. But injuries and general unpleasantness do often occur when two or more males, or really just a male betta and any other fish, are put in a tank together. So it is best to assume that your male betta will live alone. A pair of female bettas will also not likely get along, but a larger group, up to around ten, can do well together. (This is called a “sorority” of bettas. ) So allow your female to either swim solo or in a herd. [3] X Research source
Two feedings of three-to-four pellets (broken up if your fish is small) or six to seven bloodworms/shrimp should suffice. Bettas will overeat if given the chance, to the detriment of their health. They can also suffer from constipation (indicated by bloating), which some say can be alleviated by feeding the betta a single thawed, cut-up frozen pea. [4] X Research source
Bettas are adaptable survivors. They populate the rice paddies of Southeast Asia and readily adjust to the cycles of floods and droughts. Bettas are also one of the rare examples of a “labyrinth fish,” which means they can breathe oxygen from the air as well as from water. Thus, as long as they remain moist, they can survive out of water for short periods of time and can live in small, brackish ponds (as are found during the dry season) for longer periods.
Place your betta’s tank in a high-traffic, regularly occupied part of the house, such as in the living room or near the kitchen. Bettas like movement and action, even when they are not being directly interacted with. [5] X Research source Relocate the tank within the room occasionally, to provide the betta with a change of scenery. New things to see will attract his attention and keep him engaged and interested in your goings-on.
Bettas are sensitive to the vibrations in water caused by sounds such as human voices, which some take as meaning your fish can learn to recognize your voice and its name. See if you can trigger a regular response by saying your betta’s name each time you visit. At the very least, talking to your betta provides opportunities for interaction, which it craves, and helps establish the bond on your end. After all, who doesn’t want a good listener for a friend?
Male bettas are famous for “flaring” their fins — their response to encountering another betta — when seeing their reflection in a mirror. There is debate as to whether frequent “mirror flaring” is good (as stimulation) or bad (as stress) for your betta, so perhaps employ it in moderation or to stay safe don’t use a mirror. Keep in mind that some bettas can be timid and maybe frightened at their own reflection. In addition to the occasional mirror (if desired), you can also doodle on the tank with dry erase markers or apply sticky notes cut into different shapes, or just simply place new and interesting objects just outside the tank. [7] X Research source Watch your betta investigate and react to these new phenomena.
Your betta will probably start coming over to your finger, and even following it as it slides along the tank wall. You might be able to get your fish to twist and loop in its pursuit. Bettas like coming to the surface, so bobbing toys and other objects can be a good idea for playtime as well. Floating ping-pong balls can be very fun — just make sure they’re clean first. Check out How to Play with Your Betta Fish for plenty more playtime ideas.
You can teach your betta to eat from your fingers by placing your digits increasingly closer to the food pellets you place in the water until the fish takes the food right from them. Your betta may even be able to leap out of the water to take food from your fingers. The lure of food can also teach bettas to swim, or sometimes even leap, through hoops (which you can fashion out of pipe cleaners, for instance). You might also, with practice, be able to teach your fish to push that ping-pong ball it plays with into a net. How to Play with Your Betta Fish is also a good resource for training ideas and methods.
